摘要

背景:从 ICP-2 到治理文件

ICP-2《新区域互联网注册机构设立标准》由 ICANN 于2001年6月4日通过,此后一直是 RIR 认可的框架。 https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/icp-2-2001-06-04-en 历史决议记录显示,该政策与2001年 ICANN 对新兴区域注册机构的处理同步形成。 https://archive.icann.org/historical-resolution-tracking-feature/2001-06-04-emerging-regional-internet-registries.html 2012年,ICANN 又公布了新 RIR 的认可标准页面,延续这一框架。 https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/new-rirs-criteria-2012-02-25-en

对 ICP-2 的正式审查在近年展开:ASO 地址理事会于2025年6月8日在 ICANN 83 大会上向 ICANN 董事会报告 ICP-2 审查进展。 https://aso.icann.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ASO-AC-on-ICP-2-ICANN-Board-ICANN83-8-June-2025.pdf https://aso.icann.org/icp-2-review/ 其后,ICANN 就治理文件第二版草案于2025年8月28日至11月7日启动公开征求意见程序。 https://www.icann.org/en/public-comment/proceeding/second-draft-of-the-rir-governance-document-28-08-2025 NRO 与 ASO 分别记录了 ASO AC 将推荐草案移交 NRO 执行理事会的进程。 https://aso.icann.org/aso-ac-delivers-recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-to-nro-ec/ https://www.nro.net/aso-ac-delivers-recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-to-nro-ec/ https://www.nro.net/recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-rationale-report-and-next-steps/ https://aso.icann.org/recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-rationale-report-and-next-steps/

第3版的形成路径

NRO 的差异说明文件记载:第3版吸收了2025年8月28日至11月7日的 RIR 咨询与 ICANN 公开征求意见反馈,并在蒙得维的亚工作坊、2026年3月孟买 ICANN 85、以及2026年6月塞维利亚 ICANN 86 的最终工作坊中继续起草;NRO 编号理事会(NRO NC)于2026年7月将第三版草案移交 NRO 执行理事会。 https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Gov-Doc.-v3.-redline.pdf https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/Draft-v3-Changes-and-Rationale-240826b.pdf https://aso.icann.org/aso-ac-delivers-recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-to-nro-ec/ https://www.nro.net/aso-ac-delivers-recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-to-nro-ec/

逐条分析:权威如何被重新分配

认可环节。 第3.1条规定认可标准(包括第2.2条的区域资格);候选 RIR 须"在现有 RIR 与 ICANN 满意的情况下"证明其达标。第3.2条要求以书面形式向 RIR 与 ICANN 提交认可提案,并由双方各自公示。 https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf 第3.7条规定 ICANN 无权认可候选 RIR,除非收到由至少三分之二提交认可评估的 RIR 支持的提案,并可能排除其服务区域或收入将受实质性影响的 RIR(须通知、说明理由并给予回应权)。理由文件明确:"各方同意该程序应要求三分之二多数而非一致同意或减一。" https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Gov-Doc.-v3.-redline.pdf https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/Draft-v3-Changes-and-Rationale-240826b.pdf

除名环节。 第6.3(a)条允许由任何 RIR、由不少于被除名对象会员的25%或2000名会员(取较低者)、或由 ICANN 提出除名提案。 https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf 第6.7(c)条规定:"ICANN 无权除名任何 RIR,除非其首先收到由至少三分之二的 RIR(排除被除名对象)的除名评估支持的提案。" https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf 理由文件确认这一"排除主体 RIR 的三分之二 RIR 支持门槛"是第3版的新安排。 https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Gov-Doc.-v3.-redline.pdf https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/Draft-v3-Changes-and-Rationale-240826b.pdf

缓冲与审计。 第6.2条确立在除名决定前优先帮助不合规 RIR 纠正的推定;第4条要求每个 RIR 至少每五年一次接受合规审计。 https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf 第6.8条规定被除名的 RIR 须按过渡计划将 RIR 服务移交后继或临时实体(如临时紧急运营者),不再为 NRO 成员且不再享有文件项下的决策权;第6.9条要求 RIR 与 ICANN 集体具备协助移交的能力与准备。 https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf

紧急连续性安排。 理由文件记载,第5.1(b)条将临时紧急连续性安排的启动门槛从一致同意降为 ICANN 加上三分之二的 RIR;第5.1(c)条保留90天时限。 https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Gov-Doc.-v3.-redline.pdf https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/Draft-v3-Changes-and-Rationale-240826b.pdf

修订规则。 第7.1条规定:"本文件可经 ICANN 与 RIR 的一致同意修订,并须咨询其各自社群。" https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf 新增的第7.2条禁止在临时紧急连续性安排期间或除名提案未决期间修订文件,理由是防止"在困难时刻仓促修改或稀释要求"。第7.3条给予各 RIR 三年宽限期以履行 ICP-2 中未包含或未隐含的新义务;第7.4条要求 NRO 与 ICANN 至少每五年评估一次是否需要审查。 https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Gov-Doc.-v3.-redline.pdf https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/Draft-v3-Changes-and-Rationale-240826b.pdf

机制含义:从单方认可标准到多边契约

综合来看,草案的因果机制是:通过设置排除受影响主体的三分之二超多数门槛、五年审计周期、纠偏推定,以及紧急状态与除名程序期间的修订冻结,ICANN 在2001年时代单方面的认可标准被转变为一种类似契约的多边文书——ICANN 未经 RIR 集体同意不能认可或除名 RIR,而 RIR 同样未经 ICANN 不能修订文件。这一双向锁定同时保护双方的程序地位,也把争议的解决路径从单边裁量转向多边协商。

证据边界与不确定性

第3版是待 NRO 执行理事会与 ICANN 处理的推荐最终草案,并非已采纳的文件;其条款在采纳前可能变更。 https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ 权威 PDF 通过搜索服务器的摘录内容核查,具体条文编号与措辞应以权威 PDF 为准。 https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf 理由 PDF 的发布日期由文件名中的时间戳推断,而非页面明确标注。 https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Gov-Doc.-v3.-redline.pdf

来源

[1] ICANN, "ICP-2: Criteria for Establishment of New Regional Internet Registries" (2001-06-04): https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/icp-2-2001-06-04-en [2] ICANN, "New RIRs Criteria" (2012-02-25): https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/new-rirs-criteria-2012-02-25-en [3] RIR Governance Document Version 2 (PDF, 2025-08-28): https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/regional-internet-registries-rir/rir-governance-document-v2-28-08-2025-en.pdf [4] NRO, "RIR Governance Document Version 3" (2026-09-01, FINAL DRAFT): https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3/ [5] NRO, RIR Governance Document Version 3.4 (ASO AC Final Draft, PDF): https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Governance-Document-3.4-ASO-AC-Final-Draft-7-5-26.pdf [6] NRO, RIR Governance Document redline (v2 to v3.4): https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/RIR-Gov-Doc.-v3.-redline.pdf [7] NRO NC, "Draft v3 Changes and Rationale" (PDF): https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/Draft-v3-Changes-and-Rationale-240826b.pdf [8] NRO, "RIR Governance Document Version 3: Summary of Differences and Rationale for Changes": https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-3-summary-of-differences-and-rationale-for-changes/ [9] NRO, "Process for the Review of ICP-2 and Timeline": https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/process-for-the-review-of-icp-2-and-timeline/ [10] NRO, ICP-2 review FAQ: https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/faq/ [11] NRO, ICP-2 review landing page: https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/ [12] NRO, "RIR Governance Document Version 2": https://www.nro.net/policy/internet-coordination-policy-2/rir-governance-document-version-2/ [13] ASO/ICANN, "ASO AC Delivers Recommended Draft RIR Governance Document to NRO EC": https://aso.icann.org/aso-ac-delivers-recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-to-nro-ec/ [14] NRO, "ASO AC Delivers Recommended Draft RIR Governance Document to NRO EC": https://www.nro.net/aso-ac-delivers-recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-to-nro-ec/ [15] NRO, "Recommended Draft RIR Governance Document Rationale Report and Next Steps": https://www.nro.net/recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-rationale-report-and-next-steps/ [16] ASO/ICANN, "Recommended Draft RIR Governance Document Rationale Report and Next Steps": https://aso.icann.org/recommended-draft-rir-governance-document-rationale-report-and-next-steps/ [17] ICANN Public Comment, "Second Draft of the RIR Governance Document" (2025-08-28): https://www.icann.org/en/public-comment/proceeding/second-draft-of-the-rir-governance-document-28-08-2025 [18] ASO AC, "ASO-AC on ICP-2, ICANN Board, ICANN83" (2025-06-08, PDF): https://aso.icann.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ASO-AC-on-ICP-2-ICANN-Board-ICANN83-8-June-2025.pdf [19] ASO/ICANN, ICP-2 review: https://aso.icann.org/icp-2-review/ [20] ARIN announcement (2026-09-01): https://www.arin.net/announcements/20260901/ [21] AFRINIC announce list attachment (2026-09-01): https://lists.afrinic.net/pipermail/announce/attachments/20260901/3daa3bfd/attachment.html [22] ICANN archive, "Emerging Regional Internet Registries" (2001-06-04): https://archive.icann.org/historical-resolution-tracking-feature/2001-06-04-emerging-regional-internet-registries.html [23] BTW Media, "Governance Document for the Recognition, Maintenance, and Derecognition of Regional Internet Registries": https://btw.media/en/governance-document-for-the-recognition-maintenance-and-derecognition-of-regional-internet-registries