Primary Domain
Internet Infrastructure
Within the Primary Domain facet, Internet Infrastructure intelligence groups reporting by primary domain so readers can follow a focused area of internet infrastructure, governance, connectivity markets, or digital capital. The page brings together related articles, public evidence, institutions, companies, people, regional exposure, operating dependencies, and market context that may otherwise sit across separate category pages. It explains the domain, the likely actor class, the market or governance context, and the source material readers should use when comparing signals. Operators, analysts, and governance readers can see how the same domain appears across events, profiles, market shifts, public-source evidence, regional dependencies, and longer-cycle infrastructure decisions over time.
Europe and Middle East Datacenter
InterLAN-IX charges the same port price in Bucharest, Frankfurt and Sofia. Who pays for the distance?
Romania's exchange told RIPE 93 that geography does not change the price of a port. The same talk explains what has to be true for that promise to hold: eleven sites stitched onto one Layer 2 fabric, redundant links the operator describes as expensive, and a transport bill that…
Story
The Bangladesh exchange that owns a membership row and nothing else
Our record for the Bangladesh Internet Service Provider Internet Exchange Trust names a Bangladesh jurisdiction, a private-company legal form, one SMALL APNIC membership and not a single address. That gap between a national-sounding name and an empty operating surface is the…
CASE FILE
Netnod's Card Puts a Region Where the Country Goes, Then Scores the Guess 0.82
A published record for one of Europe's oldest neutral exchange operators lists its headquarters country as "AP". That is a registry's service area, not a country, and it sits in four fields at once. What the card can actually stand behind — and the one check that would settle the…
Academics
Florian Holzbauer’s Municipalytics Starts with 95,498 Local Units. Domain Records Cover 69,220.
Municipalytics counts municipal web, mail and DNS across Europe from a fixed administrative baseline. Each layer loses records for a different reason; the blank space is part of the map.
Creators
Terry Sweetser found IPv4 hiding under qBittorrent’s “Any Interface” switch
His home network already had native IPv6 and a working IPv6 port forward. A client setting kept a large share of torrent traffic on the older path anyway.
Creators
Siena Perry gave APNIC hosts a 30-month clock. APNIC gave them two start dates.
The registry's new conference-host process promises a longer runway and public criteria. A prospective South Asian host reading APNIC's two official pages would still need to ask when the first bid window opens.
Creators
Spiro Stathakis Built an IPv6 EKS Cluster. The /28 Lasted Until the Interfaces Arrived.
His pods had IPv6 addresses. The nodes and service endpoints still needed room in an IPv4 subnet, and the smallest one filled up.
Creators
André Grüneberg Saved an IXP IPv4 Address. Then He Had to Pay a Router.
RFC 8950 lets an exchange member carry IPv4 routes over IPv6 next hops. Grüneberg’s BCIX account puts the hard part where the old and new members still have to meet.
Creators
Sabina Anja Says a Higher MAC Sequence Is a Better Lie, Not Proof
EVPN can move a workload across a fabric with one BGP update. Anja shows how that convenience can spread a forged address just as efficiently.
Academics
Ulrich Speidel Found the Gap Between Solar Power and an Unbroken Internet
The panels may keep generating, the battery may have charge, and the router can still reboot. Speidel puts the missing seconds in the middle of the power plan.
Academics
Romain Fontugne Put Two Clocks on One Routing Screen
A route can move before its validation colour catches up. Fontugne’s BGP monitor makes that difference visible, then asks the operator to keep the clocks apart.
Leaders
Md.Kamruzzaman Khan Pulled 47 Prefixes by Hand. RIPEstat Gave Them One Eight-Hour Clock.
Khan remembers the router-by-router work. A public routing-history query squeezes its 47 prefixes against one observation boundary. That gap matters whenever a dashboard is asked to explain a network decision.
Academics
Microsoft’s NTP had 12 addresses. Most RIPE Atlas vantage points saw one.
Pascal Huppert and seven co-authors measured what a widely used time service actually handed back. More than half of RIPE Atlas vantage points saw a single choice from a 12-address inventory.
Leaders
Eric Andrei Băleanu Took InterLAN-IX Across Romania. The Long Links Still Send the Bill.
InterLAN-IX extended one Layer 2 peering fabric to regional points of presence so smaller operators could connect nearby and reach the same exchange. Eric Andrei Băleanu says the trade is real: capacity, redundancy and operating cost on the links between sites, with no automatic…
Academics
Rene Wilhelm Counted 726 Million DNS Queries in Makati. Some Local Probes Still Went Abroad.
The new AuthDNS node was busy on Wilhelm’s sample day. Whether Philippine networks used the local route was a different question.
Academics
Antonio Prado’s IPv6 Arithmetic: One /29, 524,288 Routes, and a Local Bouncer
Prado put a route-table bill next to the reassuring green light of origin validation. The bill could be larger than the entire IPv6 table he counted.
Europe and Middle East Institutional Trends
A Riyadh Postbox, a Registry Key, and the Half of SAIX Nobody Publishes
The registry will tell you exactly what to call the Saudi Arabian Internet Exchange and where to send its post. It will not tell you who is plugged in. Measured on 4 November 2026, that gap is the finding.
Academics
Yevheniya Nosyk’s Atlas Ledger: 6.5% of Measurements Made 71% of Results
RIPE Atlas looked like a playground for custom tests until Nosyk and her colleagues counted the output. The small anchoring category was the heavyweight.
Leaders
Darren Kara Is Adding DNS Sites. The User Cannot Become the Debug Log.
A small engineering team can add resolver locations faster than it can hire a new army of operators. Kara's harder job is seeing enough to run that network while leaving a visitor's address out of its durable records.
North America Datacenter
PIT-IX Reports Three Buildings. The Record Won't Say Which.
An internet exchange is a building problem in a routing costume. The Pittsburgh Internet Exchange now tells the world it runs across three facilities, counts thirty-six member networks and has imported forty-one networks from its IX-F feed — and it does not name one of the three.