- Computer networking enables resource sharing like internet, printers, and software across multiple users and locations, optimising budget usage.
- Computer networking involves connecting devices via cables or wirelessly and using network protocols for communication between devices.
Network protocols are essential rules and procedures that dictate how devices communicate over a network, ensuring efficient and accurate data transmission across various hardware and software systems. They are implemented in both software and hardware, enabling devices to interpret received information and facilitating the functionality of workplace networks and the broader internet.
What is a protocol in networking
Network protocol refers to a standardised set of rules and guidelines that govern the transmission of data between devices on a network. These protocols define how data should be formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received across the network, ensuring that different devices, regardless of their make or model, can communicate effectively. Protocols are crucial for maintaining order and efficiency in data exchange, allowing for the smooth operation of internet and local area networks.
Also read: 3 recommended secure protocols for network address translation
Also read: What is a network layer protocol?
3 main types of network protocols
Network protocols can be broadly classified into three main types:
1.Communication protocols: These protocols are designed to facilitate the exchange of data between network devices. They define the rules for formatting, addressing, and transmitting data packets across the network.
2. Network management protocols: These protocols are used to monitor and manage the network’s performance and resources. They help in tasks such as tracking network traffic, managing device configurations, and diagnosing network issues.
3. Network security protocols: These protocols are essential for protecting the network from unauthorised access and various cyber threats. They ensure secure communication by encrypting data and authenticating users.
Each type of protocol is vital for maintaining the integrity, efficiency, and security of a network, ensuring that data is transmitted reliably and securely.
Also read: Common protocols used by IoT devices
12 common types of network protocols
1. TCP/IP: The fundamental protocol suite for internet and network communication, ensuring reliable data transmission.
2. HTTP: The protocol that enables web browsing and interaction with websites.
3. UDP: A protocol for real-time applications like video streaming, prioritising speed over reliability.
4. IRC: A protocol for real-time text messaging in online communities and chat rooms.
5. ICMP: A diagnostic tool for network troubleshooting, used for ping requests and responses.
6. SNMP: A protocol for managing and monitoring network devices, facilitating performance data collection and configuration.
7. SFTP: A secure file transfer protocol that encrypts data to protect it during transmission.
8. SSL: A protocol for secure communication over the internet, encrypting data between servers and browsers.
9. HTTP: A secure version of HTTP using SSL/TLS encryption for secure web browsing and transactions.
10. POP: A protocol for retrieving emails from a server to a local device.
11. IMAP: A protocol for accessing and managing emails on a server, allowing manipulation without downloading.
12. DHCP: A protocol for automatically assigning IP addresses and network settings to devices, simplifying network configuration.
These protocols are essential for various network functions, from communication and management to security and specific tasks like email retrieval and IP address allocation.
Choosing the right network protocol for a particular application
With so many network protocols available, it is critical to pick the right one for a particular application scenario. Factors such as data transfer needs, security requirements, network architecture, and remote connectivity must be considered in the decision-making process. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of different protocols is essential to making an informed choice.
