- Communication protocols allow different network devices to communicate with each other and are used in both analogue and digital communications.
- Common types of communication protocols include automation, instant messaging and routing.
- Instant, text-based communication on smartphones and computers occurs through a number of different instant messaging network protocols.
A network protocol is basically a set of rules that allow devices to communicate with each other over the internet. If two devices want to communicate, they have to support the same protocol. Otherwise, you need to use a gateway to translate the communication.
As digital communication grows and the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more common, protocols are changing to manage not just data transfer, but also the increased need for network management and security. These protocols are not just for connecting devices; they are also essential for keeping data safe and keeping networks reliable.
What is a network protocol
A network protocol is an established set of rules that defines how data is transferred between different devices on the same network. Essentially, it allows connected devices to communicate with each other, regardless of any differences in their internal processes, structure or design. Network protocols are the reason you can easily communicate with people all over the world, so they play a critical role in modern digital communications.
How network protocols work
Network protocols take large processes and break them down into small, specific tasks or functions. This happens at every level of the network, and each function at each level must work together to complete the larger task. The term protocol suite refers to a set of smaller network protocols that work together.
Network protocols
There are thousands of different network protocols, but they all perform one of three primary actions: Communication, Network Management and Security. Each type is necessary for the fast and secure use of network devices, and they work together to facilitate this use.
Communication protocols
Communication protocols allow different network devices to communicate with each other. They are used in both analogue and digital communications and can be used for important processes ranging from transferring files between devices to accessing the Internet.
Common types of communication protocols include:
Automation: These protocols are used to automate various processes in both commercial and personal environments, such as smart buildings, cloud technology or self-driving vehicles.
Instant messaging: Instant, text-based communication on smartphones and computers is provided by a number of different instant messaging network protocols.
Routing: Routing protocols allow communication between routers and other network devices. There are also routing protocols specifically for ad hoc networks.
Bluetooth: The increasingly popular Bluetooth devices – including headsets, smartphones and computers – operate using a number of different Bluetooth protocols.
File transfer: If you’ve ever moved files from one device to another, either on a physical or digital medium, you’ve used file transfer protocols (FTP).
Internet Protocol: Internet Protocol (IP) allows data to be sent between devices over the Internet. The Internet could not function as it does today without IP.
Network Management protocols
Network management protocols define and describe the various procedures required to effectively operate a computer network. These protocols affect various devices on a single network – including computers, routers and servers – to ensure that each, and the network as a whole, performs optimally. The functions of network management protocols include the following:
Connectivity: These protocols establish and maintain stable connections between different devices on the same network.
Link aggregation: Link aggregation protocols allow you to combine multiple network connections into a single link between two devices. This increases the strength of the connection and helps to maintain the connection if one of the links fails.
Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting protocols allow network administrators to identify errors affecting the network, evaluate the quality of the network connection, and determine how administrators can resolve any problems.
Also read: SASE explained: Redefining network security and connectivity
Also read: DHCP unveiled: The hidden key to effortless network connectivity
Security protocols
Security protocols, also known as cryptographic protocols, ensure that the network and the data sent over it are protected from unauthorised users. Common features of security network protocols include the following:
Encryption: Encryption protocols protect data and secure areas by requiring users to enter a secret key or password to access the information.
Entity authentication: Entity authentication protocols create a system that requires different devices or users on a network to verify their identity before accessing secure areas.
Transport: Transportation security protocols protect data as it travels from one network device to another.
