- A threat actor, often referred to as a malign actor, is an individual or entity deliberately inflicting damage within the cyber domain.
- They capitalise on vulnerabilities present in computing systems, networks, and digital infrastructures to perpetrate disruptive assaults against both private individuals and organisational bodies.
In the intricate dance of cybersecurity, threat actors are the elusive partners, orchestrating chaos and disorder. Their identities span from lone wolves to state-sponsored groups, each with their own motives, capabilities, and targets. To effectively defend against these adversaries, it is imperative to understand their profiles and tactics. Let’s explore the diverse world of threat actors and delve into their classifications, motivations, and methods.
Script kiddies
At the lower end of the spectrum, script kiddies are amateur hackers who rely on pre-written scripts and tools to launch attacks. Lacking the sophistication of more experienced actors, they often engage in defacing websites, launching simple denial-of-service attacks, or spreading malware for the thrill or to prove a point. While their impact is generally less severe, they can still cause disruption and should not be underestimated.
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Cybercriminals
Cybercriminals operate for financial gain, employing a range of tactics from phishing and ransomware to credit card fraud and identity theft. These actors are highly motivated and often very skilled, leveraging advanced techniques to monetise their illegal activities. Organised crime syndicates and individual hackers alike fall into this category, targeting both individuals and businesses with the intent to steal money or sensitive information.
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Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)
APTs are sophisticated actors that typically have nation-state backing or significant resources. Their attacks are characterised by prolonged, targeted efforts to infiltrate networks and remain undetected for extended periods. APTs often have political or espionage objectives, seeking to steal intellectual property, disrupt critical infrastructure, or gather intelligence. Their operations are well-funded, and they employ a variety of custom malware and zero-day exploits.
Insider threats
Insider threats arise from individuals within an organisation who misuse their access to cause harm. This can be due to malice, negligence, or coercion. Insiders can be current or former employees, contractors, or business associates. They may leak sensitive data, sabotage systems, or commit fraud. Defending against insider threats requires a combination of strict access controls, monitoring, and a culture of security awareness.
Hacktivists
Hacktivists are driven by ideological or political beliefs, using cyberattacks as a form of protest or to achieve social change. These actors may target government agencies, corporations, or other entities they view as oppressive or unethical. Their attacks can include data leaks, defacement, and denial-of-service campaigns aimed at disrupting operations or drawing attention to their cause. A well-known example of a hacktivist group is Anonymous, an international hacking collective that claims to advocate for freedom of speech on the internet.
State-sponsored actors
State-sponsored actors are backed by governments, operating with strategic objectives that align with national interests. These entities have significant resources and are capable of conducting complex cyber espionage campaigns, cyberwarfare, and sabotage. Targets can include foreign governments, critical infrastructure, and private industries, with the goal of gaining strategic advantages or disrupting adversaries.
