- Static malware analysis examines the code and structure of malware without executing it, making it a safer but sometimes less revealing method.
- Dynamic malware analysis involves running the malware to observe its real-time behaviour, providing a more comprehensive view of its impact but with higher risk.
Static malware analysis
Static malware analysis involves scrutinising the malware’s code, binaries, and other components without executing it. This method focuses on understanding the malware’s structure and potential functionality by examining its code, often using tools like disassemblers or decompilers.
Dynamic malware analysis
Dynamic malware analysis, in contrast, requires executing the malware in a controlled environment, such as a sandbox, to observe its behaviour in real-time. This approach provides insights into how the malware interacts with the system, what processes it triggers, and how it attempts to exploit vulnerabilities.
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Key differences between static and dynamic malware analysis
Execution vs. non-execution: Static analysis involves no execution of the malware, making it a safer method that avoids potential system damage or infection. Analysts focus on the malware’s code and structure, often identifying possible behaviours through indirect clues. While dynamic analysis requires executing the malware, which allows observation of its actual behaviour and interactions with the system. This provides a more detailed understanding of the malware’s impact but also involves higher risk, as the malware is active.
Depth of insight: Static analysis provides insights into the malware’s design and potential functionality, but it may not reveal all behaviours, especially if the malware uses sophisticated obfuscation techniques. Dynamic analysis offers a deeper understanding by revealing the malware’s real-time actions, including network activity, file modifications, and attempts to evade detection. It can uncover hidden behaviours that static analysis might miss.
Risk and environment: Static analysis poses no risk of spreading malware, as it does not involve execution. It is performed in a controlled environment where the code is dissected, but it may not always fully uncover the malware’s intentions. Dynamic analysis involves running the malware, which, while offering more comprehensive insights, requires a secure, isolated environment to prevent the malware from causing real harm or escaping containment.
The main difference between static and dynamic malware analysis lies in their approach to handling the malware: static analysis avoids execution, focusing on code examination, while dynamic analysis runs the malware to observe its behaviour. Both methods are crucial for a thorough understanding of malware, with static analysis providing safe initial insights and dynamic analysis offering a more detailed view of the malware’s capabilities.
