• The US government has awarded annual licences allowing Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix to export chip manufacturing equipment to their Chinese facilities for 2026, replacing the lapse of broader waivers.
• The shift—a move in Washington’s evolving export controls—reflects geopolitical tensions and could influence memory chip supply dynamics amid growing AI data-centre demand.
What happened: Annual licences replace blanket waivers for Korean chipmakers in China
The US government has granted Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix annual licences permitting them to bring American-origin chip-manufacturing equipment into their semiconductor production facilities in China throughout 2026, according to people familiar with the matter.
This approval follows a decision earlier in 2025 to revoke the so-called validated end user (VEU) waivers that allowed certain foreign chipmakers—including Samsung, SK Hynix and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)—to receive US semiconductor tools in China without separate export licences. With the VEU status expiring on December 31, 2025, individual licences are now required under the new system introduced by Washington.
Under the revised framework, Samsung and SK Hynix received annual approval for chipmaking tool shipments, providing a temporary reprieve that allows their existing China operations to remain supplied with US‐controlled technology. Samsung, the world’s top memory chip maker, and SK Hynix, the second largest, count China as a significant production base, especially for traditional memory chips whose prices have climbed due to demand from artificial intelligence data centres and tighter global supplies.
Both companies declined to comment, and there was no immediate response from the US Department of Commerce outside regular business hours. The renewed licensing regime marks a shift from the previous policy that eased exports under broad waivers, under which shipments of US chipmaking tools to Chinese fabs did not require annual review.
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Why it’s important
The annual licence approvals for Samsung and SK Hynix come amid a broader tightening of US export controls aimed at limiting China’s access to advanced semiconductor technologies. Washington’s action is part of efforts to balance national security concerns with economic realities, given the importance of Chinese operations in the global memory chip supply chain.
Under the new licensing regime, chipmaking equipment shipments will face a recurring review, potentially introducing uncertainty and additional compliance costs. Observers might question whether this approach will discourage investment or hamper longer-term capacity expansion in China, particularly for cutting-edge tools critical for advanced nodes.
At the same time, the annual licences provide a measure of continuity for Samsung and SK Hynix, averting immediate disruptions to their Chinese manufacturing lines. However, analysts note that the reliance on annual approvals rather than permanent waivers could still influence strategic decisions about future plant upgrades and technology transfers.
The change also occurs in the context of rival efforts by other countries to adjust their export control frameworks. For example, Taiwan’s TSMC lost its validated end user status earlier in 2025, forcing it to seek individual licences for shipments to its Nanjing fab, highlighting the uneven landscape foreign chipmakers now face in China.
Given the central role of memory chips in AI data centres and other high-performance computing applications, the way export controls evolve in 2026 will be watched closely by investors and industry participants, particularly as geopolitical tensions continue to shape technology supply chains.
