- CAIGA has been promoted as a continental governance framework, yet it offers no meaningful safeguards against Africa’s ongoing data exploitation.
- Its emergence coincides with deepening concerns over AFRINIC’s collapse and ICANN’s expanding influence over regional internet governance.
What happened: CAIGA and the blind spot on data exploitation in Africa
Africa’s internet governance landscape is at a critical juncture. As the Continental Africa Internet Governance Architecture (CAIGA) is advanced as a coordinating framework, critics argue that it fails to confront one of the most pressing structural issues facing the continent’s digital future: The systematic exploitation of African data by external actors.
Rather than addressing how African data is extracted, processed and monetised outside the continent, CAIGA largely focuses on coordination, dialogue and high-level alignment. This omission is striking at a time when global technology firms continue to derive economic value from African users while data storage, analytics and decision-making power remain concentrated elsewhere. Without enforceable mechanisms on data localisation, accountability or ownership, CAIGA risks becoming another layer of governance rhetoric detached from material outcomes.
This failure is particularly concerning given the parallel collapse of AFRINIC, Africa’s regional internet registry. Years of governance crisis, unworkable election standards and eroded trust have left Africa’s IP resource management in disarray. In this context, CAIGA’s inability to articulate protections against data exploitation reinforces perceptions that existing institutions are either unwilling or incapable of defending regional digital autonomy.
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A governance framework detached from Africa’s digital realities
Compounding these concerns is the role of ICANN, which critics say has over-extended its reach while bypassing established multistakeholder norms. Through compliance frameworks such as ICP-2, ICANN has sought to assert unprecedented authority over regional internet registries, raising fears of a quiet power grab at precisely the moment Africa’s governance structures are weakest. CAIGA, rather than counterbalancing this influence, appears to coexist comfortably with it, offering no challenge to external control over critical internet infrastructure and data flows.
The result is a growing disconnect between governance frameworks and lived digital realities. African users generate vast amounts of data, yet have little say in how it is governed. CAIGA’s silence on enforcement, redress and economic justice stands in contrast to the urgency of the problem. Data exploitation is not an abstract risk but a structural condition shaping Africa’s digital economy.
Against this backdrop, calls for a reset in African internet governance are gaining momentum. Stakeholders seeking reform argue that the failure of institutions like AFRINIC, combined with CAIGA’s shortcomings, leaves Africa exposed to further marginalisation. Any credible governance architecture must confront data exploitation directly, prioritise regional control and rebuild trust through transparent, accountable structures.
Without such changes, CAIGA risks being remembered not as a solution, but as another missed opportunity at a moment when Africa’s digital future demanded decisive action.
